COMPANY

KOBAT Battery Reuse & Recycling Business

Battery reuse and recycling is a core part of the circular economy,
enabling sustainable repurposing or material recovery from end-of-life EV and industrial batteries.

As electric vehicle adoption continues to grow, the volume of retired batteries is rising rapidly—highlighting the strategic importance
of this sector in driving environmental responsibility and securing future resource supply chains.

Battery Reuse Value Chain

Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5.
Collection and separation of used batteries Performance evaluation and residual value assessment Reuse (e.g., ESS) or disassembly Recovery of high-value materials such as rare metals Supply of refined materials for new batteries or other industries

Battery Reuse Business (vs. Recycling)

Battery Repurposing Business Battery Recycling Business
Battery reuse involves repurposing end-of-life batteries for secondary applications such as ESS or charging infrastructure.This approach. Our battery recycling business extracts valuable metals such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt from end-of-life batteries that can no longer be reused. These materials are then reintegrated into new battery production or repurposed for industrial use. With the advancement of technologies like low-temperature processing, lithium pre-extraction, and direct recycling, the market is expected to grow 26-fold from USD 8 billion in 2023 to over USD 200 billion by 2040.
By leading the full cycle—from battery collection to reuse and recycling—KOBAT delivers cost savings, supply chain resilience, ESG performance, and regulatory readiness. This strategy is central to securing long-term competitiveness in the global green economy.

KOBAT’s Strategic Value and Expected Impact

1. Cost Reduction & New Revenue Opportunities

- By reusing and recycling batteries (e.g., for ESS), KOBAT can internally recover key raw materials such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt. This not only reduces material procurement costs but also enables additional revenue through the sale of extracted metals.

- Given that over 70% of battery cell production cost comes from raw materials, recycling offers significant cost-saving potential.

2. Supply Chain Stability & Resource Security

- KOBAT can reduce dependency on volatile global material prices and mitigate risks tied to specific countries (e.g., China) by securing in-house resources.

- Studies project that recycling could supply up to 55% of global EV battery demand for copper, lithium, cobalt, and nickel by 2040.

3. ESG Performance & Carbon Reduction

- Battery recycling emits 40–70% less greenhouse gas compared to raw material mining, contributing to carbon neutrality goals.

- It also prevents soil and water contamination, enhances green brand image, and strengthens KOBAT’s appeal to ESG-driven investors.

4. Market Leadership & Business Diversification

- The global battery reuse and recycling market is expected to grow from $24B in 2025 to over $54B by 2030.

- KOBAT can lead in emerging areas such as BaaS (Battery as a Service), BMR (Battery Metal Recycling), second-life battery trading, and ESS-linked smart grid solutions.

5. Regulatory Readiness & Risk Management

- KOBAT proactively aligns with tightening global regulations (e.g., EU battery directive), minimizing legal risks through proper end-of-life battery handling.

- This positions the company as a sustainability leader within the circular economy framework.